Are there different kinds of public companies? What differentiates them from one another?
In Australia, there are four different types of public companies. These include:
- Public companies limited by shares
The same as a proprietary company limited by shares, a public company that is limited by shares is a company where the liability of its members is limited to the nominal amount of their shares. Where a proprietary company has a maximum of 50 shareholders though, this public company type has no limit. - Public companies limited by guarantee
The difference with a company that is limited by guarantee is that members can guarantee a fixed amount to be undertaken to contribute to the company when it is wound up. These types of companies have no share capital and are generally used for NFPs and Community organisations. - Unlimited public companies with a share capital
An unlimited public company with a share capital is a company where its members liability is not limited. - No liability companies (mining and resource companies)
In Australia, a no liability public company is a type of public company that has share capital. They can only be used where the principal activity of the company is that of mining or resource exploration.
Patricia Holdings offers two types of public companies – unlisted public companies limited by shares and unlisted public companies limited by guarantee.
If I want to change the company from an unlisted public company to a private company down the road, can I?
Generally speaking you should be able to convert your unlisted public company to a proprietary company down the road. During the life of your company, you may decide that the company type you registered with no longer suits the activities or nature of your business. A special resolution of the members must be passed agreeing to the conversion and a form 205 and 206 lodged with ASIC. Patricia Holdings can help you with these lodgements – contact us today.
Section 162 of the Corporations Act states that only some kinds of company conversions are allowable. These are outlined below:
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This type of company may change… |
…to this type of company |
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proprietary company limited by shares |
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unlimited proprietary company |
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public company limited by shares |
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company limited by guarantee |
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unlimited public company |
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public no liability company |
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What are the major differences between public companies and pty ltd companies?
In Australia, there are two main categories of companies – private (proprietary) (Pty Ltd) companies and public (Ltd) companies with private companies being the most common. The key difference between proprietary companies and public companies is that public companies are open to investment by the public where proprietary companies are not. This makes it easier for public companies to raise capital however it attracts a higher level of regulation and compliance protecting investors and the general public.
While both public and proprietary companies are regulated by ASIC, the level of disclosure a company has to make to ASIC varies depending on their company type. Most small to medium proprietary companies will not be required to lodge financial reports with ASIC but all public companies (unless otherwise exempt) must disclose financial statements, directors’ reports and audited accounts on an annual basis. They must also hold an Annual General Meeting.
There are differing requirements surrounding Officeholders in each company type – proprietary companies must have at least one Director but appointment of a Secretary is not mandatory. Public companies on the other hand must have at least three Directors and one Secretary appointed at all times.
Most small and medium businesses will choose to register as a proprietary company limited by shares however they are restricted to a maximum of 50 shareholders so sometimes a small unlisted public company is a better fit.
What are the reporting requirements of an unlisted public company?
The financial reporting obligations of an unlisted public company depend on whether it is a company that is:
- Not a disclosing entity or a company limited by guarantee – these public companies must prepare annual financial reports in accordance with chapter 2M of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). These reports must be audited, lodged with ASIC within four months of the financial year end, and, sent to members by the report due date or 21 days before the AGM (whichever is sooner).
- Not a disclosing entity – these public companies are not required to comply with the same reporting requirements as the above if all conditions of ASIC Corporations (Wholly-owned Companies) Instrument 2016/785 are met and the company is not a borrowing corporation, the guarantor of such a borrower, or, a financial services licensee. These companies must be a wholly owned entity and have undertaken a deed of cross guarantee with every company in the closed group.
- Limited by guarantee – public companies limited by guarantee are required to prepare annual financial repost and a director’s report with specific disclosure as set out in section 300B of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). These reports must be prepared in accordance with Chapter 2M of the Corps Act and must be audited or reviewed.
Once a public company lists on the stock exchange, their reporting requirements may change.
Does an unlisted public company have shares?
Public companies can be registered limited by shares, or limited by guarantee.
Shares are a unit of ownership providing the shareholder with equity in the company. Shares in a public company can be sold to the general public. Each share in a class of shares in a public company must have the same rights to dividends as each other. Public companies limited by shares are generally used by businesses who are seeking fund raising from the general public, or by companies with over 50 shareholders (as they are not allowed to be a private company per ASIC’s rules).
Public companies limited by guarantee (or LBGs) do not have a share capital or shareholders but instead the members act as guarantors. The members agree to pay a nominal amount in the event of the winding up of the company known as the members guarantee. LBGs are used by organisations such as recreational clubs, cultural communities and charitable organisations in Australia.
Patricia Holdings can help you set up your unlisted public company with shares, or limited by guarantee.
What are the reporting requirements of a listed public company?
Outside of ASIC’s reporting requirements, public companies listed on the stock exchange must also follow the below reporting criteria:
- Financial reporting is required on a half-yearly and annual basis in Australia
- Certain companies that are listed without a track record of revenue or profit are required to also file quarterly cash flow statements.
- Mining and oil and gas exploration companies are required to file quarterly reports on cash flow, and activities including changes in tenement interests, issued and quoted securities.
What are the ASX listing requirements?
To list a company with Australian Stock Exchange (ASX), the company must satisfy the minimum admission criteria concerning structure, size, free float and number of shareholders. These requirements ensure the quality of the market that ASX operates. The company must:
- have a minimum of 300 non-affiliated investors at $2000 each
- have a free float of 20%
- be of a particular size worked out using the profit test or the asset test.
- If seeking admission under the asset test, the company must also have working capital of $1.5 million
The company does not need to have the required shareholder spread or free float before the listing application is made. The approval for listing is granted subject to the company meeting the shareholder spread requirement through the offer of shares associated with the listing application.
Where would I find the ASX listing rules?
The ASX listing rules can be easily accessed by the public on the Australian Securities Exchange website.
www.asx.com.au
https://www.asx.com.au/regulation/rules/asx-listing-rules.htm
Can the Unlisted Public Company Patricia Holdings sells be listed on the stock exchange?
A public company is the correct company structure for listing on the stock exchange (ASX) however companies looking to list on the stock exchange in Australia must meet significant legal and regulatory requirements to satisfy the "listing rules". There are also listing requirements that must be met with regards to shareholders, company size, working capital and reporting. Preparing a company for listing should be handled by solicitors or other professionals.
